1. Imvelo yokuncintisana embonini yokuphakelayo
Ngokwezibalo zemboni yezezintandokazi zikazwelonke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, yize ukukhiqizwa kweChina okuphakelayo kukhombisile umkhuba owandayo, inani lamabhizinisi emboni ezokuphakelayo eChina likhombise inkambiso ephansi. Isizathu ukuthi imboni yokudla yaseChina iguqukela kancane kancane ukusuka ekuqondisweni okujulile, namabhizinisi amancane anobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza abampofu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nokuqwashisa ngokungemthetho, kancane kancane kuyashintshwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yezici ezifana nabancintisana kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezimboni, kanye nezindleko ezandayo nezindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, izinga lenzuzo lamabhizinisi aphezulu liyancipha, futhi amabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza angaqhubeka nokusebenza emncintiswaneni wezimboni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza, asebenzisa amathuba ezomnotho ezikalini futhi athathe amathuba okuhlanganiswa kwezimboni ukwandisa amandla abo okukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa i-merger noma ukusebenza kahle komkhakha, futhi kuthuthukise ukuguqulwa okuthe xaxa komkhakha wokuphakelayo waseChina kuya ekulinganiseni nasekuqineni.
2. Umkhakha wokuphakelayo uyi-cyclical, yesifunda, neyazikhathi
(1) Isifunda
Izifunda ezikhiqizwayo zemboni yokudla yaseChina zinezimpawu ezithile zesifunda, ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, iChina inendawo enkulu, futhi kunomehluko omkhulu ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo kanye nezithelo zokusanhlamvu ezitshalwe ezifundeni ezihlukile. Okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe kanye ne-akhawunti ephakelayo ye-Premixed ye-Akhawunti enkulu enyakatho, kanti okuphakelayo kwe-compouc kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi eningizimu; Okwesibili, imboni yokudla ihlobene kakhulu nemboni ye-aquacaulture, futhi ngenxa yemikhuba ehlukene yokudla kanye nezinhlobo zokuzalela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, kukhona nokwehluka kwesifunda e-feed. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezisogwini, i-aquaculture yindlela esemqoka, ngenkathi esenyakatho-mpumalanga nesenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina, kunezilwane ezivuselelwa kakhulu ezikhuliswe izinkomo nezimvu; Okwesithathu, lo mncintiswano embonini yokudla yaseChina enobudlova ubusabekayo, nge-margin ephansi yenzuzo ephansi, izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, imvelaphi ehlukile, kanye ne-radius emfushane yokuhamba. Ngakho-ke, Imboni Yokuphakelayo yamukela kakhulu imodeli yokusungulwa kwe "National Facilog, ukuphathwa okuhlangene kanye nokusebenza kwendawo". Ngokufundwa, imboni yokudla e-China iveza izici ezithile zesifunda.
(2) isikhathi esithile
Izici ezithinta imboni yokuphakelayo zifaka phakathi izici eziningi, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izinto ezikhuphukayo zomkhakha wokuphakelayo, ezinjenge-corn kanye ne-soya, kanye nokwehla komkhakha wokuphakelayo, okuhlobene kakhulu nomndeni wakulo. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezikhuphukayo ezikhuphukayo yizici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta imboni yokuphakelayo.
Amanani entengo yezinto ezifuywayo ezinobuningi ezinjenge-corn kanye ne-soya ku-upstream zingaphansi kokushintshashintsha kwezimakethe ezifuywayo nasezindaweni zakwamanye amazwe, izimo zomhlaba, ezithinta izindleko zemboni yokuphakelayo futhi zithinta amanani okuphakelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhathini esifushane, izindleko zokondla kanye namanani nazo zizoshintsha ngokufanele. I-yokusungula imboni ye-aquaciulture ephansi ithonywa yizinto ezifana nezifo zezilwane kanye namanani emakethe, futhi kukhona nezinga elithile lokuguquguquka kokusungula imikhiqizo yokuphakelayo. Ngakho-ke, kunezici ezithile ze-cyclical embonini yokuphakelayo esikhathini esifushane.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamazinga okuphila kwabantu, isidingo senyama esezingeni eliphakeme yamaprotheni futhi sanda ngokuqinile, futhi imboni yokuphakelayo yonke igcine ukuthuthuka okuzinzile. Yize kunokushintshashintsha okuthile ekufuneni okuphakelayo ngenxa yezifo zezilwane eziphansi njenge-African Scheight Fever fever, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imboni yokudla njengeyonke ayinasona asobala. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukugcwaliswa komkhakha okuphakelayo kukhule ngokwengeziwe, futhi amabhizinisi aholayo embonini alandela kakhulu ushintsho ekufunweni kwemakethe, ukuguqula amasu okuthengisa ngomkhiqizo ngenkuthalo, futhi angazuza ekukhuleni okuzinzile ekufuneni kwemakethe.
(3) Ngenyanga
Kunesimo esiqinile samasiko emaholide ngesikhathi samaholide eChina, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semikhosi efana nomkhosi wasentwasahlobo, i-Dragon Boat festival, Mid Autumning Festival, kanye nosuku lukazwelonke. Isidingo sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenyama ngabantu nazo zizohlinzwa. Amabhizinisi okuzalela avame ukukhulisa ukusungula kwawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze abhekane nokuhlinzwa okufunwa ngesikhathi samaholide, okuholela esifundweni esiphakeme sokuphakelwa kwamaholide kwangaphambili. Ngemuva kweholide, isidingo sabathengi semfuyo, izinkukhu, inyama kanye nezinhlanzi zizokwehla, futhi yonke imboni ye-aquacacuture izokwenza futhi ngobuthakathaka, okuholela ekuphakelweni. Ngokuphakelwa kwengulube, ngenxa yemikhosi ejwayelekile engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, imvamisa yisikhathi esiphakeme sokufunwa, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuthengisa.
3. Nikeza futhi funa isimo sabamboni okuphakelayo
Ngokusho kwe- "China feed Imboni Yezincwadi" kanye "Nezibalo Zezimboni Zozwelonke ezikhishwe yi-National feed IHhovisi Ehhovisi eminyakeni edlule, kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2022 amathani akhuphukayo afinyelela ku-302.23 million amathani afinyelela ku-78.23.
Ngokombono wezinhlobo zokuphakelayo, ingxenye ye-Compound feed iphakeme kakhulu futhi igcina umkhuba wokukhula okusheshayo. Kusukela ngo-2022, ingxenye yokukhiqizwa okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe ekukhiqizeni okuphelele kokuphakelayo kungu-93.09%, kukhombisa umkhuba owandayo. Lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nenqubo ye-Scale Up of China yaseChina yaseChina. Ngokuvamile, amabhizinisi amakhulu ama-aquaculture athambekele ekuthengeni izithako eziphelele neziqondile zokudla, ngenkathi abalimi abancane begcina izindleko zokulima ngokuthenga ama-premixes noma bagxile futhi bawasebenzise ukuze bakhiqize okwabo. Ikakhulu ngemuva kokuqubuka komkhuhlane wezingulube e-Afrika, ukuze futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kwemvelo kwamapulazi wengulube, amabhizinisi okuzala ama-Pig athambekele ekuthengeni imikhiqizo yefomula yengulube ngendlela eyodwa, kunokuba athenge ama-premixes kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe zokucutshungulwa kwesayithi.
Ukuphakelwa kwengulube kanye nokuphakelwa kwenkukhu kuyizinhlobo eziphambili ekwakhekeni komkhiqizo we-China's feed Product. Ngokusho kwe- "China feed Imboni Yezincwadi" kanye "Nemininingwane Yezibalo ZolweNational Feed Imboni" ekhishwe yi-National feed IHhovisi Ehhovisi eminyakeni edlule eminyakeni ethile, okuphumayo izinhlobo zokuphakelayo ezigabeni ezihlukene zokuzalela eChina kusuka ngo-2017 kuya ku-2022.
4. Izinga lobuchwepheshe nezimpawu zomkhakha wokuphakelayo
Imboni yokuphakelayo ibilokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile yezolimo zanamuhla, ehola ukuguqulwa kanye nokwenza ngcono i-Livestock Ikhava Yezimboni ngokuqamba. Ngenxa yemizamo yezimboni, i-Academia, kanye nocwaningo, imboni yokuphakelayo iye yathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo okuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezinjengefomula, nokudla okunempilo kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni sokushaywa ngamagciwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhuthaze ulwazi nobuhlakani bomkhakha wokuphakelayo kwimishini yokukhiqiza nezinqubo, ukuhlomisa amandla embonini okuphakelayo ngobuchwepheshe bedijithali.
(1) Izinga lobuchwepheshe lefomula lokuphakelayo
Ngokusheshisa kwesimanje kwezolimo kanye nokujula kokucwaninga okuphakelayo, ukwenza kahle isakhiwo sefomula sokudla sekuphenduke ukuncintisana okuyisisekelo kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza okuphakelayo. Ucwaningo ngezithako ezintsha zokuphakelayo kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwazo sekuyindlela yokuthuthuka komkhakha, ukukhuthaza ukwahlukahluka kanye nokudla okunembile kwesakhiwo sefomula yokuphakela.
Izindleko zokuphakelayo yingxenye esemqoka yezindleko zokuzalela, kanye nezinto zokwakha ezinobuningi ezinjenge-corn kanye ne-soybean nazo nazo izingxenye eziphambili zezindleko zokuphakelwa. Ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwentengo yokuguquguquka kokudla okuluhlaza okufana nokudla kommbila nokudla okuphezulu, kanye nokuncika okuyinhloko kokungeniswa kwe-soya, ukuthola ezinye izindlela zokondla izindleko zokudla ukuze zibe yindlela yokucwaninga yamabhizinisi. Amabhizinisi Okuphakelayo asuselwa ezicini zokukhiqiza zezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa eziluhlaza kanye nezinzuzo zezindawo zamabhizinisi okuphakelayo, ezinye izixazululo ezahlukahlukene nazo zingathathwa. Ngokulandela ukufakwa esikhundleni sama-antibiotic, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha abalulekile, ama-probiotic, amalungiselelo enzyme, kanye namalungiselelo we-probiotic ayanda. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhizinisi embonini nawo aqhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo ngezinhlelo zokuhlanganiswa kwama-antibiotiotic, akhuthaza ukumuncwa kwezakhi zophakeli kuzo zonke izici ngokusebenzisa imiphumela emihle.
Njengamanje, amabhizinisi aholayo okuphakelayo embonini akwenzile ukuphumelela okukhulu emkhakheni wokufaka esikhundleni esibonakalayo esilinganiselwe, futhi angaphendula ngempumelelo ekushintshashintsheni kwamanani entengo akhona; Ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ze-anti microbial kuthuthukile, kepha kusenenkinga yokulungisa inhlanganisela yezithasiselo noma ukuphela kokudla ukuze kufinyelelwe ukondliwa okuphakelayo okuphezulu.
I-5. Izitayela zentuthuko zomkhakha wokuphakelayo
(1) Isikali nokuguqulwa okunamandla kanye nokwenza ngcono imboni yokuphakelayo
Njengamanje, umncintiswano embonini yokuphakelayo uya ngokuya eba nolaka, futhi amabhizinisi amakhulu okuphakelayo abonise izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuncintisana e-feed formula Research kanye nentuthuko, Ukulawulwa kwezindleko zomkhiqizo eluhlaza, ukuthengisa kohlelo lomkhiqizo, nezinsizakalo ezilandelayo. NgoJulayi 2020, ukuqaliswa okuphelele komthetho we-anti ubhubhane nokukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezinkulu zokudla ezinjenge-corn kanye nezobunkwane ezikhuphukayo, kucindezela indawo yokusinda yamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Amabhizinisi amancane okuphakelayo kanye naphakathi nendawo azophuma kancane kancane emakethe, futhi amabhizinisi amakhulu azosebenzisa isikhala semakethe esengeziwe.
(2) ukwenza ngcono amafomula
Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kwemisebenzi ebonakalayo embonini kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwemininingwane yolwazi lokuzala okuphansi, ukunemba kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso amafomula webhizinisi okuphakelayo ahlala ethuthuka. Ngasikhathi sinye, imvelo yezenhlalo nakwezomnotho kanye nokufunwa kwabathengi okwandayo kuhlale kuphoqelela amabhizinisi okudla okuphakelayo ukubheka ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuphansi kwekhalobho, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yenyama, kanye nezithako ezisebenzayo. Okuphakelayo kokudla kwamaprotheni okuphansi, okuphakelayo okusebenzayo, neminye imikhiqizo yokuphakelayo ihlala yethulwa emakethe, ukuqhubeka kwamafomula kumelela ukuqondiswa kwentuthuko kwesikhathi esizayo komkhakha wokuphakelayo.
(3) Thuthukisa amandla okuqinisekisa wokudla izinto eziluhlaza nezindleko zokulawula
Izinto zokwenziwa kwezimboni zokudla okuluhlaza zifaka phakathi ummbila wezinto ezibonakalayo eziluhlaza kanye nokudla okuluhlaza okuvuthiwe kwe-soybean. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukwakheka kwemboni yokutshala yaseChina kuguqulwe kancane kancane, ngezinga elithile lokuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwezinto zokwakha. Kodwa-ke, isimo samanje se-Protein's Pretein Pretein Pretein Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi ezingeniswayo zikhona, futhi ukungaqiniseki kwesimo samazwe omhlaba kubuye kufake izidingo eziphakeme ekwenzeni izinto eziphilayo ukuqinisekisa izinto ezingavuthiwe. Ukwenza ngcono amandla okuqinisekisa ukufundwa kokudla okuluhlaza kuyindlela yokuzikhethela engenakugwenywa ukwenza amanani entengo nekhwalithi.
Ngenkathi kuqhakambisa ukulungiswa kwezokwakheni kwemboni yokutshala yaseChina nokuthuthukisa ngokufanele, imboni yokuphakelayo ikhuthaza ukwaneliseka kwezinhlobo ezingenisiwe kanye namanye ama-turen ahlinzekile okugcina impahla kanye namanye ama-egcer application kanye nokufunwa kwesimo sokuhlinzekwa kwamaqanda okudla okumhlophe, futhi Ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kokulungiswa kwentela, ukulungiswa kwe-quota kanye nezinye izindlela zokuqonda ijubane lokungenisa impahla eluhlaza. Ngasikhathi sinye, sizoqhubeka nokuqinisa ukukhushulwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zokudla okunempilo, futhi kugqugquzele ukuncishiswa kwengxenye yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni angezwe kumafomula okuphakelayo; Qinisa ukubekeka kobuchwepheshe bokufakwa esikhundleni sombala ovuthiwe, futhi usebenzise ukolweni, ibhali, njll. Ukufakwa esikhundleni okuluhlaza okwesikhashana ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuphakelayo. Ngaphezu kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zendabuko ezinobuningi, imboni yokuphakelayo iyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo kwezinsizakusebenza zezolimo nezinsizakusebenza, ukumiswa kwamanzi okuphenya umzimba kanye nokomisa izilimo ezinjengamazambane amnandi kanye nemifino, kanye nezinto zokwakha; Ngokwenza ukuvutshelwa kwemvelo kanye nokudonswa ngokomzimba emikhiqizweni yemikhiqizo engowawo-maille, okuqukethwe kwezinto zezakhi zomzimba kwezinsiza zezolimo nezinsizakusebenza kuyathuthuka, bese kuthi kuguqulwe kube yikhono lokudla okulula kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.
(4) 'Umkhiqizo + Service' uzoba ngomunye wokuncintisana okuyisisekelo kwamabhizinisi okuphakelayo
Eminyakeni yamuva, isakhiwo sezinkomo ezansi emkhakheni wezakhiwo se-aquaciaciture emkhakheni wokuphakelayo besilokhu sishintsha, nabanye abalimi bamahhala namabhizinisi amancane athuthumela kancane kancane athuthukela emapulazini omndeni wanamuhla noma aphuma emakethe. I-Downstream embonini yokuphakelayo ibonisa ukuthambekela kwesilinganiso, kanye nesabelo semakethe samapulazi amakhulu ama-aquacaulture, kufaka phakathi amapulazi omndeni wanamuhla, kancane kancane ayanda. Umkhiqizo
Enqubweni yesevisi, amabhizinisi okuphakelayo avumelanisa uhlelo oluhlukile lwesevisi yomkhiqizo oluhlanganisa ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza kahle kokudla okunempilo kanye nokuphathwa kwezindawo okwenziwa yikhasimende elilodwa ngokususelwa kwizikhungo zehardware, nezempilo. Ngokungeziwe kumkhiqizo wokuphakelayo uqobo, uhlelo ludinga futhi ukuhambisana nezifundo ezifanele, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokubonisana ukusiza amakhasimende aphansi azoguquko, ukufukula, ukuzalanisa, ukufunwa kwezifo, ukufunwa kwezifo kanye nezinyathelo zokwehla kwendle nokulawula, kanye nezinyathelo zokwelaba.
Esikhathini esizayo, izinkampani zokuphakelayo zizohlinzeka ngezixazululo ezishukumisayo ngokuya ngezidingo zabasebenzisi abahlukahlukene namaphoyinti wezinhlungu ezihlukile. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhizinisi azosebenzisa idatha yomsebenzisi ukusungula imininingwane yawo, aqoqe imininingwane kufaka phakathi ukwakheka okunempilo, imiphumela yokudla, ukuhlaziya okuthandwayo kanye nezidingo zangempela zabalimi, futhi uthuthukise ukunamathela kwamakhasimende kwamabhizinisi okuphakelayo.
(5) Isidingo samaprotheni asezingeni eliphakeme aphansi kanye nemfuyo esebenzayo kanye nemikhiqizo yenkukhu iyaqhubeka nokwanda
Ngokwephuculwa kwezindinganiso eziphilayo zabahlali baseChina, isidingo samaprotheni asezingeni eliphakeme kanye nemfuyo esebenzayo kanye nemikhiqizo yenkukhu ibilokhu ikhula unyaka nonyaka, iwundlu, ingulube yengulube. Ngesikhathi sokubika, ukukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo okuvuselelayo kanye nokuphakelwa kwasemanzini e-China kwaqhubeka ukukhuphuka, kugcina izinga lokukhula okuphezulu.
(6) Okuphakelayo kwebhayoloji kungenye yezimboni ezisafufusa amasu eChina
Okuphakelayo kwebhayoloji kungenye yezimboni ezisafufusa amasu eChina. Okuphakelayo Kwebhayoloji kusho imikhiqizo yokuphakelayo ethuthukiswe ngobuchwepheshe be-biotechnology abanjengobunjiniyela bokuvusa, ubunjiniyela be-enzyme, kanye nokuphakelwa okubilisiwe, okuphakelayo okuvuthayo, okuphakelayo kwebhayoloji. Njengamanje, imboni yokuphakelayo ingene enkathini yezindlela eziphelele ze-anti ubhubhane, amanani aphezulu ezinto zokwenziwa kwendabuko zokudla kanye nokujwayelekile komkhuhlane wezingulube zase-Afrika kanye nezinye izifo. Ingcindezi nezinselelo ezibhekene nokuphakelayo kanye nezansi emkhakheni we-aquacaulture zasemanzini ziyanda usuku nosuku. Imikhiqizo yokuphakelayo ebolile ebolile isiphenduke ucwaningo lomhlaba wonke kanye ne-hotspot yesicelo emkhakheni wezilwane ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo lapho kusiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza zokuphakelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokondla kanye nemfuyo, kanye nokwenza ngcono imvelo yemvelo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko embonini yezinto eziphilayo eziphakelayo busungulwe kancane kancane, futhi ukwenziwa kwenziwa ekufuneni amagciwane, ukuzondla izinqubo zokudla, imishini yokulungisa, amafomula wokudla okunengezayo, kanye nokwelashwa komsoco. Ngokuzayo, ngaphansi kwesizinda senqatshelwe kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni sama-antibiotics, ukukhula kokuphakelayo kwebhayoloji kuzoshesha kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, imboni yokuphakelayo idinga ukusungula i-database eyisisekelo yokudla okungondlekile okuvuthiwe kanye nohlelo lokuhlola oluhambelanayo, sebenzisa i-biotechnology yokuqapha nezinqubo ezilinganiselwe zokuphakelayo zebhayoloji.
(7) okuluhlaza okotshani, okunemvelo nentuthuko.
Uhlelo lwe- "14th lweminyaka emihlanu luphinde lucacisele uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa komkhakha" lokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuluhlaza kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhlangana okuvumelanayo phakathi kwabantu nemvelo ". "Imibono ekhombisa ngokusheshisa ukusungulwa kanye nokwenza ngcono kohlelo lwezomnotho oluhlaza okotshani noluphansi lwe-carbon reateval templove Development Luhlaza, i-carbon ephansi, kanye nemvelo enobungani "kuyindlela ebalulekile yamabhizinisi okuphakelayo ukufeza intuthuko esimeme ngempela, futhi umthombo ongcolisayo wamapulazi we-aquaculture uzoqhubeka nokugxila emvelweni, okuqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezinobunzima njenge-ammonia ne-hydrogen sulfide. Izinto ezinamacala eziyingozi ezingenhla zingcolisa amanzi nenhlabathi ngokusebenzisa imvelo, futhi kungathinta nempilo yabathengi. Ukwenza ngcono ukugaya izilwane, futhi kuthuthukisa ukugawulwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwezinto ezinezinto ezinomthelela emvelweni enjengezinduku, i-ammonia ne-phosphorus. Esikhathini esizayo, amabhizinisi okuphakelayo azoqhubeka nokwakha amaqembu ocwaningo ochwepheshe ukucwaninga nokukhulisa i-biotechnology enqenqemeni, ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuhlaza okotshani, okuphansi kwekhabhoni kanye nokuphathwa kwezindleko.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-10-2023