Abstract:Ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo kudingekile kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezasemanzini, futhi izinga lokudla linquma ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini.Kunamabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza ukudla ezweni lakithi, kodwa iningi lawo enziwa ngesandla.Le modeli yokukhiqiza ngokusobala ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko yesimanje.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ukuqinisa ukuklama kokwenza kahle kwemigqa yokukhiqiza ye-mechatronics akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqiza okuphakelayo, kodwa futhi kuqinise ukulawulwa kokungcola ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.I-athikili iqale ihlaziye idizayini yokuthuthukisa yemigqa yokukhiqiza yokucubungula okuphakelayo okusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kwe-mechatronics, bese ihlola ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwemigqa yokukhiqiza okuphakelayo okusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kwe-mechatronics, engasetshenziswa njengereferensi yabafundi.
Amagama angukhiye:ukuhlanganiswa kwe-mechatronics;Ukucubungula okuphakelayo;Umugqa wokukhiqiza;design elilungile
Isingeniso:Imboni yezokudla ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile embonini yokufuywa kwezilwane.Ukwenza ngcono izinga lokukhiqiza lokudla kungakhuphula izinga lokuthuthuka kwemboni yokufuywa kwezilwane futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko eqhubekayo yomnotho wezolimo.Njengamanje, uhlelo lokukhiqiza ukudla kwaseShayina seluphelele, futhi kunamabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza ukudla, okugqugquzela kakhulu ukukhula komnotho waseShayina.Kodwa-ke, izinga lokwaziswa ekukhiqizweni kokuphakelayo liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi umsebenzi wokuphatha awukho, okuholela enqubweni yokukhiqiza ukudla okusemuva.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza okuphakelayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqiniswe ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela, ukwakha ulayini wokukhiqiza okuhlanganisiwe we-electromechanical, uthuthukise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo, futhi ukhuthaze kangcono ukuthuthukiswa. wemboni yezofuyo yaseChina.
1. Idizayini yokuthuthukisa yomugqa wokukhiqiza wokucubungula okuphakelayo okusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kwe-mechatronics
(1) Ukwakhiwa Kwesistimu Yokulawula Okuzenzakalelayo Yenqubo Yokukhiqiza Okuphakelayo
Enqubweni yokuthuthukisa imboni yokufuywa kwezilwane, kuyadingeka kakhulu ukuqinisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokudla.Ngakho-ke, i-China ikhiphe "Izinga Lokuphatha Ikhwalithi Nokuphepha", echaza kabanzi ngokuqukethwe kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza yokulawula okuphakelayo.Ngakho-ke, lapho ulungiselela ukwakheka kwemigqa yokukhiqiza ye-mechatronics, kuyadingeka ukulandela ngokuqinile imithetho nemithethonqubo ukuqinisa ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo, kusukela ezinqubweni ezinjengokondla, ukuchoboza, nokuhlanganisa,Qinisa ukwakheka kwezinhlelo ezingaphansi, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholwa kwemishini, ukuze kuxazululwe amaphutha okokuqala ngqa, kugwenywe ukuthikameza ukukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo, nokuqinisa ukwenziwa kahle kwayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza okuphakelayo.Isistimu engaphansi ngayinye isebenza ngokuzimela, futhi indawo ephezulu yomshini ingaqinisa ukulawulwa kwesistimu, iqaphe isimo sokusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela semishini, futhi ixazulule izinkinga okokuqala ngqa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inganikeza nokusekelwa kwedatha yokugcinwa kwemishini, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuzenzekelayo lokukhiqiza okuphakelayo
(2) Idizayini yesithako sokuphakelayo esizenzakalelayo kanye nesistimu engaphansi yokuxuba
Kudingeka kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithako enqubweni yokukhiqiza ukudla, njengoba izithako zithinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza ukudla.Ngakho-ke, lapho kuqinisa ukwakheka kokwenza kahle kwemigqa yokukhiqiza ye-mechatronics, ubuchwepheshe be-PLC kufanele busetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kokunemba kwezithako.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izisebenzi ezifanele kufanele futhi zizifundise i-algorithm futhi ziqinise ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yenqubo yesithako, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. "Amazinga Okuphatha" asho inqubo enemininingwane yezithako, okuhlanganisa namazinga okusebenza ngaphambi kokuxubana kwabancane. izinto zokwakha kanye namazinga okusebenza wezinto ezinkulu.Emgqeni wokukhiqiza odidiyelwe we-electromechanical, izindlela ezikhethekile zokulungiselela izinto ezinkulu nezincane kufanele zamukelwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwezithako nokulawula ukudla kwazo kanyekanye.Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza okuphakelayo anemishini ephelelwe yisikhathi futhi asebenzisa amasiginali we-analog.Ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokuthengwa kwemishini, amabhizinisi amaningi asasebenzisa okokusebenza kwasekuqaleni ukuze kuhlanganiswe, engeza kuphela iziguquli, nokuguqula ulwazi lwezilinganiso ezinkulu nezincane lube ama-PLC.
(3) Idizayini Yohlelo Oluncane Lokupakisha Nokuthutha Lwemikhiqizo Yokuphakelayo
Ukupakishwa komkhiqizo oqediwe nakho kunendawo ebaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yokukhiqiza okuphakelayo, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo.Esikhathini esedlule, ohlelweni lokukhiqiza okuphakelayo, ukulinganisa okwenziwa ngesandla ngokuvamile kwakusetshenziselwa ukuqedela umsebenzi wokufaka izikhwama ngemva kokunquma isisindo, okwakunzima ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokulinganisa.Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo yizikali zikagesi ezimile kanye nokulinganisa okwenziwa ngesandla, okudinga umfutho omkhulu wokusebenza.Ngakho-ke, lapho kuqiniswa umklamo wokulungiselela wemigqa yokukhiqiza ye-mechatronics, i-PLC kufanele ibe yisisekelo sokuklama izindlela zokukala ezizenzakalelayo, ihlanganise ukukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo nezinqubo zokupakisha, futhi ithuthukise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo.Njengoba kuboniswe kuMdwebo 2, uhlelo olungaphansi lokupakisha nokudlulisa luhlanganiswe ikakhulukazi izinzwa ze-tension, amadivaysi okupakisha azenzakalelayo, amadivaysi okudlulisa, njll. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-PLC ukulawula ukuthulula nokupakisha.Uma inzwa ifinyelela isisindo esithile, izothumela isignali yokuyeka ukudla.Ngalesi sikhathi, umnyango wokukhipha uzovuleka, futhi okuphakelayo okukaliwe kuzolayishwa esikhwameni sokuphakelayo, bese kuhanjiswa endaweni egxilile kusetshenziswa idivayisi yokudlulisela.
(4) Isixhumi esibonakalayo esiyinhloko sohlelo lokulawula ukukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ukudla, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokukhiqiza, kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle emsebenzini ohlobene nokuphatha.Indlela yendabuko ukuqinisa ukuphathwa ngesandla, kodwa le ndlela ayinakho ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yokuphatha ephansi.Ngakho-ke, lapho uqinisa umklamo wokwenza kahle wemigqa yokukhiqiza ye-mechatronics, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esiyinhloko sohlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ukuqinisa ukusebenza nokuphathwa kohlelo.Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe izingxenye eziyisithupha.Abasebenzi abafanelekile bangahlola ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esiyinhloko sokulawula ukuze bacacise ukuthi yiziphi izixhumanisi zenqubo yokukhiqiza okuphakelayo ezinezinkinga, noma yiziphi izixhumanisi ezinedatha engalungile nemingcele, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okuphakelayo okuphansi kwekhwalithi, Ngokubuka ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kungaqiniswa.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza komugqa wokukhiqiza wokucubungula ukudla okusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kwe-mechatronics
(1) Qinisekisa ukunemba nokunemba kwesithako
Ukuqinisa idizayini yokwenza kahle yomugqa wokukhiqiza wokuhlanganiswa kwe-mechatronics kungaqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukunemba nokunemba kwezithako.Enqubweni yokukhiqiza okuphakelayo, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izingxenye ezithile zokulandelela.Ngokuvamile, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza okuphakelayo ayakala ngokuzenzela, ahlambulule futhi awakhulise, abese ewafaka emishinini yokuxuba, okunzima ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwezithako.Njengamanje, izilinganiso zesithako se-elekthronikhi zingasetshenziswa ukuqinisa ukulawulwa kokunemba, ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi, kanye nokwenza ngcono indawo yokukhiqiza ukudla.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo kanye nokubola nokucaciswa kwezinye izithasiselo, izidingo zekhwalithi zezikali zezithako ezincane ziphezulu.Amabhizinisi angathenga isikali sesithako esithuthukisiwe sangaphandle ukuze athuthukise ngempumelelo ukunemba nokunemba kwesithako.
(2) Qinisa ukulawulwa kwamaphutha esithako okwenziwa ngesandla
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ukudla okujwayelekile, amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa izithako ezenziwa ngesandla, ezingaholela kalula ezinkingeni ezifana nokwengezwa kwesithako okungalungile, ubunzima bokulawula ukunemba kwezithako, kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yokuphatha ukukhiqiza.Idizayini ethuthukisiwe yomugqa wokukhiqiza ohlanganisiwe we-electromechanical ingagwema ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kwamaphutha esithako okwenziwa ngesandla.Okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe be-automation kwamukelwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe isithako nezinqubo zokupakisha zibe zizonke.Le nqubo igcwaliswa ngemishini yemishini, engaqinisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yesithako nokunemba;Okwesibili, ohlelweni oludidiyelwe lokukhiqiza okuphakelayo, ubuchwepheshe bebhakhodi bungasetshenziswa ukuqinisa ukulawulwa kwesithako kanye nokunemba kokudla, ukugwema ukuvela kwezinkinga ezihlukahlukene;Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokukhiqiza edidiyelwe izoqinisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, ithuthukise ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo.
(3) Qinisa ukulawulwa kokungcola okuyinsalela nokuphambanayo
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza okuphakelayo, amabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza asebenzisa amakheshi amabhakede kanye nama-U-shaped scraper conveyors ukuthutha ukudla.Le mishini inezindleko eziphansi zokuthenga nokunakekela, futhi isicelo sayo silula, ngakho-ke bathandwa amabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza.Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini, kunenani eliphezulu lezinsalela zokudla, ezingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokungcoliswa kwesiphambano.Ukuqinisa idizayini yokuthuthukisa yolayini wokukhiqiza wokuhlanganisa i-electromechanical kungagwema ukwenzeka kwezinsalela zokuphakelayo kanye nezinkinga zokungcola.Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokudlulisa umoya we-pneumatic, ezinohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezinsalela ezincane ngesikhathi sokuthutha.Azidingi ukuhlanzwa njalo futhi azibangeli izinkinga zokungcola.Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo lokudlulisa kungaxazulula izinkinga zensalela futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo.
(4) Qinisa ukulawula uthuli phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza
Ukuqinisa idizayini yokwenza kahle yemigqa yokukhiqiza yokuhlanganisa i-electromechanical kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukulawula uthuli phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukucutshungulwa okudidiyelwe kokuphakelayo, izithako, ukupakishwa nezinye izixhumanisi, ezingagwema izinkinga zokuvuza ngesikhathi sokuthutha okuphakelayo nokudala indawo enhle yokukhiqiza yabasebenzi;Okwesibili, phakathi nenqubo yokuklama nokwenza kahle, ukumunca okuhlukile kanye nokususwa kothuli kuzokwenziwa endaweni ngayinye yokuphakela nokupakisha, kuzuzwe kokubili ukususwa kothuli nokubuyiswa, nokuqinisa ukulawula uthuli phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza;Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwakhiweni kokwenza kahle, indawo yokuqoqa uthuli nayo izosethwa kumgqomo ngamunye wesithako.Ngokuhlomisa idivayisi yokubuyisela umoya, ukulawula uthuli kuzoqiniswa ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo.
Isiphetho:Kafushane, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukudla kwaseChina buyahlukahluka ngobunkimbinkimbi nokusebenza kahle.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokunemba kwezithako, ukuxazulula izinkinga zezinsalela zokuphakelayo kanye nokungcoliswa okuphambanayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukwakheka kokwenza kahle kwemigqa yokukhiqiza edidiyelwe ye-mechatronics.Akusona nje isihluthulelo sokucubungula nokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo esikhathini esizayo, kodwa futhi kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo izinga lokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zangempela zomphakathi kuyilapho kuthuthukiswa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-08-2024