Ngenxa yezinto eziyingozi eziphansi ezifana nomlotha, i-nitrogen, nesibabule ku-biomass uma kuqhathaniswa namandla amaminerali, inezici zokulondolozwa okukhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwekhabhoni, ukuthungela kalula, nezingxenye eziguquguqukayo eziphezulu.Ngakho-ke, i-biomass iyiphethiloli yamandla ekahle kakhulu futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekuguquleni nasekusetshenzisweni komlilo.Umlotha osele ngemva kokushiswa kwe-biomass unothe ngemisoco edingwa izitshalo ezifana ne-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-potassium, ne-magnesium, ngakho-ke ungasetshenziswa njengomanyolo wokubuyela ensimini.Uma kubhekwa imithombo emikhulu yezinsiza kanye nezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele ezivuselelekayo zamandla e-biomass, okwamanje ithathwa njengenketho ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha emazweni omhlaba jikelele.Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yezokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko yaseChina ikubeke kwacaca ukuthi "Ohlelweni Lokuqalisa Lokusetshenziswa Ngokuphelele Kotshani Bezitshalo Phakathi Nohlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-12 Lweminyaka Emihlanu" ukuthi izinga eliphelele lokusetshenziswa kotshani lizofinyelela ku-75% ngo-2013, futhi lilwele ukweqa ama-80% 2015.
Indlela yokuguqula amandla e-biomass abe amandla aphezulu, ahlanzekile, futhi afanelekayo sekuyinkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe.Ubuchwepheshe be-Biomas densification bungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushiswa kwamandla e-biomass nokwenza lula ezokuthutha.Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezine ezijwayelekile zemishini yokwakha eminyene ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle: umshini wezinhlayiyana ovunguzayo, umshini wezinhlayiyana zokunyathela i-piston, umshini wezinhlayiyana eziyisicaba, kanye nomshini wezinhlayiyana ze-ring mold.Phakathi kwazo, umshini we-pellet we-ring mold usetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezici zawo njengokuthi asikho isidingo sokufudumeza ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izidingo ezibanzi zokuqukethwe komswakama okuluhlaza (10% kuya ku-30%), ukukhishwa komshini owodwa omkhulu, ukuminyana okuphezulu, nokuhle. ukwakha umphumela.Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo zemishini ye-pellet ngokuvamile zinezinkinga ezifana nokuguga kalula kwesikhunta, impilo yesevisi emfushane, izindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa, kanye nokushintshwa okungalungile.Ephendula kulokhu kushiyeka okungenhla komshini we-pellet yesikhunta esiyindandatho, umbhali wenze idizayini entsha sha yokuthuthukisa esakhiweni sesikhunta esakhayo, futhi waklama uhlobo olumisiwe olwakha isikhunta esinempilo ende yesevisi, izindleko eziphansi zokunakekela, kanye nokugcinwa okulula.Ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sihloko senza ukuhlaziya komshini kokubunjwa kokubumba phakathi nenqubo yayo yokusebenza.
1. Idizayini Ethuthukisiwe Yesakhiwo Sesikhunta Esakha Isikhunta Sendandatho Yesikhunta
1.1 Isingeniso Senqubo Yokwenza I-Extrusion:Umshini we-pellet wokufa wendandatho ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: mpo futhi ovundlile, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokufa kwendandatho;Ngokohlobo lokunyakaza, ingahlukaniswa ibe izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokunyakaza: i-roller ecindezelayo esebenzayo enesikhunta esiyindandatho esingashintshi kanye nerola ecindezelayo esebenzayo enesikhunta esiyindandatho esishayelwa.Lo mklamo othuthukisiwe uqondiswe ikakhulukazi emshinini wezinhlayiya zesikhunta esiyindandatho ene-roller yokucindezela esebenzayo kanye nesikhunta esimisiwe sendandatho njengefomu lokunyakaza.Ikakhulukazi iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: umshini wokudlulisa kanye nomshini wezinhlayiyana eziyindandatho.Isikhunta esiyindandatho kanye ne-pressure roller yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile zomshini we-pellet we-ring mold, enezimbobo eziningi ezakha isikhunta ezisatshalaliswa eduze kwesikhunta esiyindandatho, futhi i-pressure roller ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesikhunta esiyindandatho.I-roller yokucindezela ixhunywe ku-spindle yokudlulisela, futhi isikhunta sendandatho sifakwe kubakaki abangaguquki.Lapho i-spindle iphenduka, ishayela i-pressure roller ukuthi ijikeleze.Umgomo wokusebenza: Okokuqala, indlela yokudlulisa ihambisa impahla echotshoziwe ye-biomass ibe usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezithile (3-5mm) ingene egumbini lokuminyanisa.Bese, injini ishayela i-shaft eyinhloko ukushayela i-roller yokucindezela ukuze ijikeleze, futhi i-roller yokucindezela ihamba ngesivinini esingaguquki ukuze ihlakaze ngokulinganayo into phakathi kwe-roller yokucindezela kanye nesikhunta esiyindandatho, okwenza isikhunta esiyindandatho siminyanise futhi singqubuzane nempahla. , i-rola yokucindezela enezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nempahla enomsebenzi.Ngesikhathi senqubo yokucindezela ukungqubuzana, i-cellulose ne-hemicellulose ezintweni zihlangana nomunye.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukushwibeka okukhamayo kuthambisa i-lignin ibe isibopho esingokwemvelo, okwenza i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, nezinye izakhi zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile.Ngokugcwaliswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ze-biomass, inani lezinto ezingaphansi kokucindezelwa kanye nokungqubuzana emigodini yokubunjwa kwesikhunta liyaqhubeka nokukhula.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla okukhama phakathi kwe-biomass ayaqhubeka nokwanda, futhi aqhubekela phambili futhi akheke emgodini wokubumba.Uma umfutho we-extrusion mkhulu kunamandla okungqubuzana, i-biomass ikhishwa ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ezimbotsheni ezibunjwayo ezizungeze isikhunta esiyindandatho, kwakheka uphethiloli wokubumba we-biomass onesisindo sokubumba esingaba ngu-1g/Cm3.
1.2 Ukugqokwa Kwama-Molds:Umshini owodwa ophumayo womshini we-pellet mkhulu, unezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuzishintsha nokuvumelana nezimo eziqinile ezintweni ezingavuthiwe.Ingasetshenziselwa kabanzi ukucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukene ze-biomass, ezifanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamafutha okwakha aminyene e-biomass, futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-biomass dense eyenza ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zikaphethiloli esikhathini esizayo.Ngakho-ke, umshini we-pellet we-ring mold usetshenziswa kabanzi.Ngenxa yokuba khona okungenzeka kwenani elincane lesihlabathi nokunye ukungcola okungeyona i-biomass ezintweni ezicutshungulwayo ze-biomass, maningi amathuba okuba kubangele ukuguga okuphawulekayo kokubola kwendandatho yomshini we-pellet.Impilo yesevisi yesikhunta esiyindandatho ibalwa ngokusekelwe kumthamo wokukhiqiza.Njengamanje, impilo yesevisi yesikhunta esiyindandatho e-China yi-100-1000t kuphela.
Ukwehluleka kwesikhunta sendandatho kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kulezi zenzakalo ezine ezilandelayo: ① Ngemva kokuba isikhunta esiyindandatho sisebenza isikhathi esithile, udonga lwangaphakathi lwembobo yokubumba luyaguga futhi imbobo iyanda, okuholela ekushintshashintsheni okuphawulekayo kukaphethiloli owenziwe;② Umthambeka wokuphakela wembobo yokufa eyakha isikhunta esiyindandatho uyaguga, okuholela ekwehleni kwenani lezinto ze-biomass ezimpintsheka emgodini wokufa, ukuncipha kwengcindezi yokukhipha, nokuvaleka kalula kwembobo yokufa eyakhayo, okuholela ekutheni ukwehluleka kwesikhunta sendandatho (Umfanekiso 2);③ Ngemva kwangaphakathi odongeni izinto futhi ngokucijile kunciphisa inani khulula (Figure 3);
④ Ngemva kokuguga kwembobo yangaphakathi yesikhunta esiyindandatho, ukujiya kodonga phakathi kwezingcezu zesikhunta eziseduze L kuba mncane, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla esakhiwo sesikhunta esiyindandatho.Imifantu ijwayele ukwenzeka esigabeni esiyingozi kakhulu, futhi njengoba imifantu iqhubeka ukwanda, kwenzeka ukuphuka kwesikhunta esiyindandatho.Isizathu esiyinhloko sokugqoka okulula kanye nempilo yesevisi emfushane yesikhunta sendandatho yisakhiwo esingenangqondo sesikhunta sendandatho esakha (isikhunta sendandatho sihlanganiswe nezimbobo zokwakha isikhunta).Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe salokhu okubili sithambekele emiphumeleni enjalo: ngezinye izikhathi lapho kuphela izimbobo ezimbalwa ezakha isikhunta sesikhunta sendandatho sezigugile futhi zingakwazi ukusebenza, sonke isikhunta sendandatho sidinga ukushintshwa, okungalethi kuphela ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wokubuyisela, kodwa futhi kubangela ukumosha okukhulu kwezomnotho futhi kwenyuse izindleko zokunakekela.
1.3 Idizayini Yokuthuthukisa Isakhiwo Sokwakha IsikhuntaUkuze wandise impilo yesevisi yesikhunta esiyindandatho somshini we-pellet, unciphise ukuguga, usize ukushintshwa, futhi unciphise izindleko zokulungisa, kuyadingeka ukwenza umklamo omusha wokuthuthukisa esakhiweni sesikhunta esiyindandatho.Isikhunta sokubumba esishunyekiwe sisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni, futhi isakhiwo segumbi lokucindezela esithuthukisiwe siboniswa kuMfanekiso 4. Umfanekiso we-5 ubonisa umbono we-cross-sectional wesikhunta esithuthukisiwe sokubumba.
Lo mklamo othuthukisiwe uhloselwe ikakhulukazi umshini wezinhlayiya ze-ring mold enefomu elinyakazayo le-pressure roller esebenzayo kanye nesikhunta sendandatho esingaguquki.Isikhunta esingaphansi sendandatho sigxilile emzimbeni, futhi ama-roller amabili okucindezela axhunywe ku-shaft eyinhloko ngepuleti yokuxhuma.Isikhunta esakhayo sishunyekwa esikhunjeni esiyingini engezansi (kusetshenziswa ukulingana kokuphazanyiswa), futhi isikhunta sendandatho engenhla sigxivizwa esibunjeni esiyindatho esingezansi ngamabhawodi bese siboshelwa kwisikhunta esakhayo.Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuze kuvinjwe isikhunta esisakhayo ukuthi singaphinde siphinde siqhume ngenxa yokuphoqelelwa ngemva kokuba i-roller yokucindezela igingqika futhi inyakaze ngokukhululekile eduze kwesikhunta sendandatho, izikulufu eziphikisayo zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa isikhunta esibumbeni esikhunjeni sendandatho esiphezulu nesingezansi ngokulandelana.Ukuze unciphise ukumelana kwezinto ezingena emgodini futhi wenze kube lula kakhulu ukungena emgodini wesikhunta.I-angle eyindilinga yembobo yokudla yesikhunta esakhiwe esiklanyelwe singama-60 ° kuya ku-120 °.
Idizayini yesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe yesikhunta esakhayo inezici zemijikelezo eminingi kanye nempilo ende yesevisi.Lapho umshini wezinhlayiyana usebenza isikhathi esithile, ukulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana kubangela ukuvuleka kwesikhunta esakhayo kube kukhudlwana futhi kudlule.Lapho isikhunta esigugile esakha isikhunta sisuswa futhi sandiswa, singasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kokunye okucacisiwe kokwenza izinhlayiya.Lokhu kungafeza ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwesikhunta futhi konge izindleko zokulondolozwa nokushintshwa.
Ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi ye-granulator nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, i-pressure roller ithatha insimbi ephezulu ye-carbon high manganese enokumelana okuhle nokugqokwa, okufana ne-65Mn.Isikhunta esakhayo kufanele senziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy carburized noma i-low-carbon nickel chromium alloy, njengokuqukatha i-Cr, Mn, Ti, njll. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwegumbi lokuminyanisa, amandla okungqubuzana atholwa isikhunta sendandatho engaphezulu nephansi ngesikhathi. ukusebenza kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhunta esakhayo.Ngakho-ke, i-carbon steel evamile, njengensimbi engu-45, ingasetshenziswa njengempahla yegumbi lokucindezela.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubunjwa kwendandatho ehlanganisiwe yendabuko, kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ebizayo ye-alloy, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwemishini yokwakhiwa kwesikhunta somshini we-pellet we-ring mold ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhunta sokwenza.
Phakathi nenqubo yokubumba, i-lignin endabeni ithambile ngokuphelele ngenxa yemvelo yokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu okukhiqizwa ekubunjweni kokubumba.Lapho ingcindezi ye-extrusion inganyuki, impahla idlula i-plasticization.Izinto zigeleza kahle ngemuva kokwenziwa kwepulasitiki, ngakho-ke ubude bungasethwa ku-d.Isikhunta esakhayo sithathwa njengesitsha sokucindezela, futhi ukucindezeleka ekubumbeni okwenza kube lula.
Ngokuhlaziywa kokubala kwemishini okungenhla, kungaphetha ngokuthi ukuze kutholwe ingcindezi kunoma iyiphi indawo ngaphakathi kwesikhunta esakhayo, kuyadingeka ukunquma uhlobo lwe-circumferential kuleso sikhathi ngaphakathi kwesikhunta esakha.Khona-ke, amandla okungqubuzana nokucindezela kuleyo ndawo kungabalwa.
3. Isiphetho
Lesi sihloko siphakamisa idizayini entsha yokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sokwakheka kwe-pelletizer yesikhunta esiyindandatho.Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta esishumekiwe kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguga kwesikhunta, kunwebise impilo yomjikelezo wesikhunta, kube lula ukushintshwa nokugcinwa, futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlaziywa kwemishini kwenziwa ekubunjweni kokubumba phakathi nenqubo yayo yokusebenza, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sethiyori sokucwaninga okuqhubekayo esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-22-2024