Ngenxa yezinto eziyingozi eziphansi njengomlotha, i-nitrogen, nesulfure ku-biomass uma kuqhathaniswa namandla amaminerali, inezici zokugcinwa okukhulu, umsebenzi omuhle wekhabhoni, ukusha okulula, kanye nezingxenye eziguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-biomass inguphethiloli wamandla ofanele kakhulu futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekuguqulweni nasekusetshenzisweni kokushiswa. Umlotha osele ngemva kokushiswa kwe-biomass ucebile ngezakhamzimba ezidingekayo ezitshalweni ezifana ne-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-potassium, ne-magnesium, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo wokubuyela ensimini. Njengoba kunemithombo eminingi egciniwe kanye nezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele ezivuselelekayo zamandla e-biomass, okwamanje ibhekwa njengesinqumo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha kazwelonke ngamazwe emhlabeni jikelele. IKhomishini Yentuthuko Nezinguquko Kazwelonke yaseShayina isho ngokusobala "kuHlelo Lokusebenza Lokusetshenziswa Okuphelele Kotshani Bezitshalo ngesikhathi Sohlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-12" ukuthi izinga lokusetshenziswa okuphelele kotshani lizofinyelela ku-75% ngo-2013, futhi lilwele ukudlula u-80% ngo-2015.
Indlela yokuguqula amandla e-biomass abe amandla asezingeni eliphezulu, ahlanzekile, futhi alula sekuyinkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqiniswa kwe-biomass bungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushiswa kwamandla e-biomass nokwenza kube lula ukuthuthwa. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezine ezivamile zemishini yokwakha ehlanganisiwe emakethe yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe: umshini wezinhlayiya ezijikelezayo, umshini wezinhlayiya ezinyathela i-piston, umshini wezinhlayiya ezisicaba, kanye nomshini wezinhlayiya ze-ring mold. Phakathi kwazo, umshini we-ring mold pellet usetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezici zawo ezifana nokungabikho kwesidingo sokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izidingo ezibanzi zokuqukethwe komswakama wezinto eziluhlaza (10% kuya ku-30%), umkhiqizo omkhulu womshini owodwa, ubuningi bokucindezela okuphezulu, kanye nomphumela omuhle wokwakha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo zemishini ye-pellet ngokuvamile zinezinkinga ezifana nokuguguleka kwesikhunta okulula, impilo yesevisi emfushane, izindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu, kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni okungafanele. Ephendula amaphutha angenhla omshini we-ring mold pellet, umbhali wenze umklamo omusha wokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sesikhunta sokwakha, futhi waklama isikhunta sokwakha uhlobo oluhleliwe olunesikhathi eside senkonzo, izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi, kanye nokugcinwa okulula. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lesi sihloko senze ukuhlaziywa komshini kwesikhunta sokwakha ngesikhathi senqubo yaso yokusebenza.
1. Ukuthuthukiswa Komklamo Wesakhiwo Sesikhunta Sokwakha I-Ring Mold Granulator
1.1 Isingeniso Senqubo Yokwenza I-Extrusion:Umshini we-ring die pellet ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: oqondile novundlile, kuye ngokuthi i-ring die ikuphi; Ngokwesimo sokunyakaza, ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zokunyakaza: i-roller yokucindezela esebenzayo ene-fixed ring mold kanye ne-active pressing roller ene-driven ring mold. Lo mklamo othuthukisiwe uhloselwe kakhulu umshini we-ring mold particle one-active pressure roller kanye ne-fixed ring mold njengendlela yokunyakaza. Uqukethe kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili: indlela yokudlulisa kanye nendlela ye-ring mold particle. I-ring mold kanye ne-pressure roller yizingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zomshini we-ring mold pellet, onezimbobo eziningi zokwakha i-mold ezisakazeke nxazonke ze-ring mold, kanti i-pressure roller ifakiwe ngaphakathi kwe-ring mold. I-pressure roller ixhunywe ku-transmission spindle, futhi i-ring mold ifakwa ku-bracket eqondile. Lapho i-spindle ijikeleza, iqhuba i-pressure roller ukuze ijikeleze. Umgomo wokusebenza: Okokuqala, indlela yokudlulisa ithutha izinto ze-biomass ezichotshoziwe zibe usayizi othile we-particle (3-5mm) ziye ekamelweni lokucindezela. Ngemuva kwalokho, injini ishayela umgodi oyinhloko ukuze iqhube i-pressure roller ukuze ijikeleze, bese i-pressure roller ihamba ngesivinini esingaguquki ukuze isakaze ngokulinganayo izinto phakathi kwe-pressure roller kanye ne-ring mold, okwenza i-ring mold icindezeleke futhi ingqubuzane nezinto, i-pressure roller ene-material, kanye nezinto ezine-material. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokucindezela i-friction, i-cellulose kanye ne-hemicellulose ezintweni ziyahlangana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-pressure friction kuthambisa i-lignin ibe yi-binder yemvelo, okwenza i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, nezinye izingxenye ziboshwe ngokuqinile ndawonye. Ngokugcwaliswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ze-biomass, inani lezinto ezicindezelwe futhi zingqubuzane emigodini ye-mold liyaqhubeka nokwanda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla okucindezela phakathi kwe-biomass ayaqhubeka nokwanda, futhi aqhubeka eqina futhi akheka emgodini wokubumba. Lapho ingcindezi ye-extrusion inkulu kunamandla okungqubuzana, i-biomass ikhishwa njalo kusuka emigodini yokubumba ezungeze i-ring mold, yakha uphethiloli wokubumba we-biomass one-molding density engaba ngu-1g/Cm3.
1.2 Ukuguguleka Kwezikhunta Zokwakha:Umkhiqizo womshini owodwa we-pellet mkhulu, unezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokuqinile nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ungasetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukene ze-biomass, ezifanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamafutha aqinile e-biomass, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zamafutha aqinile e-biomass esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, umshini we-ring mold pellet usetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwesihlabathi esincane kanye nokunye ukungcola okungeyona i-biomass ezintweni ze-biomass ezicutshungulwayo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele ukuguguleka okukhulu kwe-ring mold yomshini we-pellet. Isikhathi senkonzo ye-ring mold sibalwa ngokusekelwe kumthamo wokukhiqiza. Njengamanje, isikhathi senkonzo ye-ring mold eShayina singama-100-1000t kuphela.
Ukwehluleka kwesikhunta sendandatho kwenzeka kakhulu kulezi zimo ezine ezilandelayo: ① Ngemva kokuba isikhunta sendandatho sisebenze isikhathi esithile, udonga lwangaphakathi lwembobo yesikhunta eyakhayo luyaguga futhi imbobo iyanda, okuholela ekuguqukeni okukhulu kukaphethiloli owakhiwe; ② Umthambeka wokudla wembobo yesikhunta yendandatho eyakhayo uyaguga, okuholela ekunciphiseni inani lezinto ze-biomass ezifakwe emgodini we-die, ukwehla kwengcindezi yokukhipha, kanye nokuvaleka kalula kwembobo ye-die eyakhayo, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwesikhunta sendandatho (Isithombe 2); ③ Ngemva kwezinto zodonga lwangaphakathi futhi kunciphisa kakhulu inani lokukhipha (Isithombe 3);
④ Ngemva kokuguguleka kwembobo yangaphakathi yesikhunta sendandatho, ubukhulu bodonga phakathi kwezingcezu zesikhunta eziseduze L buba buncane, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla esakhiwo sesikhunta sendandatho. Imifantu ivame ukwenzeka engxenyeni eyingozi kakhulu, futhi njengoba imifantu iqhubeka yanda, kwenzeka into yokuqhekeka kwesikhunta sendandatho. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuguguleka okulula kanye nokuphila okufushane kwesikhunta sendandatho yisakhiwo esingenangqondo sesikhunta sendandatho esakhayo (isikhunta sendandatho sihlanganiswe nezimbobo zesikhunta esakhayo). Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe salezi zibili sivame ukuthola imiphumela enjalo: ngezinye izikhathi lapho izimbobo ezimbalwa zesikhunta zesikhunta sendandatho zigugile futhi zingasebenzi, sonke isikhunta sendandatho sidinga ukushintshwa, okungagcini nje ngokuletha ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wokufaka esikhundleni, kodwa futhi kubangela ukuchitha imali okukhulu kwezomnotho futhi kwandisa izindleko zokulungisa.
1.3 Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo Sokwakheka KwesikhuntaUkuze kwandiswe impilo yesevisi yesikhunta sendandatho yomshini we-pellet, kuncishiswe ukuguguleka, kube lula ukushintshwa, futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zokulungisa, kubalulekile ukwenza umklamo omusha wokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sesikhunta sendandatho. Isikhunta sokubumba esifakiwe sasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni, futhi isakhiwo segumbi lokucindezela esithuthukisiwe siboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Isibalo 5 sibonisa umbono oqondile wesikhunta sokubumba esithuthukisiwe.
Lo mklamo othuthukisiwe uhloselwe kakhulu umshini wezinhlayiya zesikhunta sendandatho onohlobo lokunyakaza lwe-roller yokucindezela esebenzayo kanye nesikhunta sendandatho esiqinile. Isikhunta sendandatho engezansi sinamathele emzimbeni, futhi ama-roller amabili okucindezela axhunywe ku-shaft eyinhloko ngepuleti lokuxhuma. Isikhunta sokwakha sifakwe ku-mold yendandatho engezansi (kusetshenziswa ukulingana kokuphazamiseka), kanti isikhunta sendandatho engenhla sinamathele ku-mold yendandatho engezansi ngamabhawodi bese siboshelwa ku-mold yokwakha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuvinjelwe isikhunta sokwakha ukuthi singaphinde sibuyele emuva ngenxa yamandla ngemva kokuba i-roller yokucindezela igingqika futhi ihambe ngemisebe eduze kwesikhunta sendandatho, izikulufo ezifakwa ngaphansi zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa isikhunta sokwakha ezikhunta zendandatho engenhla nengezansi ngokulandelana. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana kwezinto ezingena emgodini futhi kwenze kube lula ukungena emgodini wesikhunta. I-engeli eyindilinga yembobo yokondla yesikhunta sokwakha esiklanyelwe ingu-60 ° kuya ku-120 °.
Ukwakheka okuthuthukisiwe kwesakhiwo sesikhunta sokwakha kunezici zomjikelezo omningi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo. Lapho umshini wezinhlayiya usebenza isikhathi esithile, ukulahleka kokungqubuzana kubangela ukuthi imbobo yesikhunta sokwakha ibe nkulu futhi ingasebenzi. Lapho isikhunta sokwakha esigugile sisuswa futhi sandiswa, singasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ezinye izincazelo zezinhlayiya zokwakha. Lokhu kungafeza ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwesikhunta futhi konge izindleko zokulungisa nokufaka esikhundleni.
Ukuze kwandiswe impilo yesevisi ye-granulator futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza, i-pressure roller isebenzisa insimbi ye-manganese enekhabhoni ephezulu enokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka, njenge-65Mn. Isikhunta sokwakha kufanele senziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy carburised noma i-low-carbon nickel chromium alloy, efana ne-Cr, Mn, Ti, njll. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwegumbi lokucindezela, amandla okungqubuzana atholakala ezikhumbeni zendandatho eziphezulu nezingezansi ngesikhathi sokusebenza mancane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhunta sokwakha. Ngakho-ke, insimbi ye-carbon evamile, njengensimbi engu-45, ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha igumbi lokucindezela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhumbeni zendandatho zokwakha ezihlanganisiwe zendabuko, inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ye-alloy ebizayo, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwemishini kwesikhunta sokwakha somshini we-ring mold pellet ngesikhathi senqubo yokusebenza kwesikhunta sokwakha.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba, i-lignin esentweni iyathamba ngokuphelele ngenxa yendawo yokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu okukhiqizwa ku-mold yokubumba. Uma ingcindezi yokukhipha ingakhuphuki, impahla ifakwa ku-plasticization. Izinto zigeleza kahle ngemva kokwenziwa i-plasticization, ngakho-ke ubude bungabekwa ku-d. I-mold yokwakha ibhekwa njengesitsha sokucindezela, futhi ukucindezeleka ku-mold yokwakha kwenziwa lula.
Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kokubala okungenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukuze kutholakale ingcindezi kunoma iyiphi indawo ngaphakathi kwesikhunta esakhayo, kubalulekile ukuthola ukucindezeleka okuzungezile kuleyo ndawo ngaphakathi kwesikhunta esakhayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, amandla okungqubuzana kanye nengcindezi kuleyo ndawo kungabalwa.
3. Isiphetho
Lesi sihloko siphakamisa umklamo omusha wokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sesikhunta sokwakha i-ring mold pelletizer. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta sokwakha esifakiwe kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kwesikhunta, kwandise impilo yomjikelezo wesikhunta, kube lula ukufaka esikhundleni nokulungisa, futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa komshini kusikhunta sokwakha ngesikhathi senqubo yokusebenza, okunikeza isisekelo semfundiso yocwaningo olwengeziwe esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-22-2024